# 474. 一和零 - 力扣题解最佳实践
访问原文链接:[474. 一和零 - 力扣题解最佳实践](https://leetcoder.net/zh/leetcode/474-ones-and-zeroes),体验更佳!
力扣链接:[474. 一和零](https://leetcode.cn/problems/ones-and-zeroes), 难度:**中等**。
## 力扣“474. 一和零”问题描述
给你一个二进制字符串数组 `strs` 和两个整数 `m` 和 `n` 。
请你找出并返回 `strs` 的最大子集的长度,该子集中 **最多** 有 `m` 个 `0` 和 `n` 个 `1` 。
如果 `x` 的所有元素也是 `y` 的元素,集合 `x` 是集合 `y` 的 **子集** 。
### [示例 1]
**输入**: `strs = ["10","0001","111001","1","0"], m = 5, n = 3`
**输出**: `4`
**解释**:
最多有 5 个 0 和 3 个 1 的最大子集是 {"10","0001","1","0"} ,因此答案是 4 。
其他满足题意但较小的子集包括 {"0001","1"} 和 {"10","1","0"} 。{"111001"} 不满足题意,因为它含 4 个 1 ,大于 n 的值 3 。
### [示例 2]
**输入**: `strs = ["10","0","1"], m = 1, n = 1`
**输出**: `2`
**解释**: `最大的子集是 {"0", "1"} ,所以答案是 2 。`
### [约束]
- `1 <= strs.length <= 600`
- `1 <= strs[i].length <= 100`
- `'strs[i]' consists only of digits '0' and '1'`
- `1 <= m, n <= 100`
## 思路
本题偏难,建议先完成一个同类的简单题目[416. 分割等和子集](416-partition-equal-subset-sum.md)。
- 在完成了416后,你会发现本题要在两个维度上解决`0/1问题`。
- 解决方法是先在一维上解决问题,然后再将其扩展到二维。
- 没有必要画一个同时考虑两个维度的网格,那太复杂了。我们可以先**只**考虑`0`的数量限制。
## 步骤
1. 确定`dp[j]`的**含义**
- 由于我们目前只考虑零计数约束,因此我们可以使用一维`dp`数组。
- `物品`是`strs`,`背包`是`max_zero_count`。
- `dp[j]`表示最多可以用`j`个零来选择的最大字符串数。
- `dp[j]`是一个整数。
2. 确定`dp`数组的初始值
- 使用一个例子,示例1:`输入:strs = ["10","0001","111001","1","0"],m = 5,n = 3`。
- 初始化后:
```python
max_zero_count = m
dp = [0] * (max_zero_count + 1)
```
- `dp[0] = 0`,表示没有零,我们可以选择 0 个字符串。
- `dp[j] = 0` 作为初始值,因为我们稍后将使用 `max` 来增加它们。
3. 根据一个示例,“按顺序”填入`dp`网格数据。
```
# Initial state
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 0 0 0 0 0
# After processing "10" (1 zero)
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 1 1 1 1 1
# After processing "0001" (3 zeros)
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 1 1 1 2 2
# After processing "111001" (2 zeros)
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 1 1 2 2 2
# After processing "1" (0 zeros)
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 2 2 3 3 3
# After processing "0" (1 zero)
# 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 0 2 3 3 4 4
```
4. 根据`dp`网格数据,推导出“递推公式”。
```cpp
dp[j] = max(dp[j], dp[j - zero_count] + 1)
```
5. 写出程序,并打印`dp`数组,不合预期就调整。
只考虑`0`数量限制的代码是:
```python
class Solution:
def findMaxForm(self, strs: List[str], max_zero_count: int, n: int) -> int:
dp = [0] * (max_zero_count + 1)
for string in strs:
zero_count = count_zero(string)
for j in range(len(dp) - 1, zero_count - 1, -1): # must iterate in reverse order!
dp[j] = max(dp[j], dp[j - zero_count] + 1)
return dp[-1]
def count_zero(string):
zero_count = 0
for bit in string:
if bit == '0':
zero_count += 1
return zero_count
```
#### 现在,你可以考虑另一个维度:`1`的数量限制。
它应该以与“0”类似的方式处理,只不过是在另一个维度上。请参阅下面的完整代码。
## 复杂度
- 时间复杂度: `O(N * M * Len)`.
- 空间复杂度: `O(N * M)`.
## Python
```python
class Solution:
def findMaxForm(self, strs: List[str], max_zero_count: int, max_one_count: int) -> int:
dp = [[0] * (max_one_count + 1) for _ in range(max_zero_count + 1)]
for string in strs:
zero_count, one_count = count_zero_one(string)
for i in range(len(dp) - 1, zero_count - 1, -1):
for j in range(len(dp[0]) - 1, one_count - 1, -1):
dp[i][j] = max(dp[i][j], dp[i - zero_count][j - one_count] + 1)
return dp[-1][-1]
def count_zero_one(string):
zero_count = 0
one_count = 0
for bit in string:
if bit == '0':
zero_count += 1
else:
one_count += 1
return zero_count, one_count
```
## C++
```cpp
class Solution {
public:
int findMaxForm(vector& strs, int max_zero_count, int max_one_count) {
vector> dp(max_zero_count + 1, vector(max_one_count + 1, 0));
for (auto& str : strs) {
auto zero_count = 0;
auto one_count = 0;
for (auto bit : str) {
if (bit == '0') {
zero_count++;
} else {
one_count++;
}
}
for (auto i = max_zero_count; i >= zero_count; i--) {
for (auto j = max_one_count; j >= one_count; j--) {
dp[i][j] = max(dp[i][j], dp[i - zero_count][j - one_count] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[max_zero_count][max_one_count];
}
};
```
## Java
```java
class Solution {
public int findMaxForm(String[] strs, int maxZeroCount, int maxOneCount) {
var dp = new int[maxZeroCount + 1][maxOneCount + 1];
for (var str : strs) {
var zeroCount = 0;
var oneCount = 0;
for (var bit : str.toCharArray()) {
if (bit == '0') {
zeroCount++;
} else {
oneCount++;
}
}
for (var i = maxZeroCount; i >= zeroCount; i--) {
for (var j = maxOneCount; j >= oneCount; j--) {
dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i][j], dp[i - zeroCount][j - oneCount] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[maxZeroCount][maxOneCount];
}
}
```
## C#
```csharp
public class Solution
{
public int FindMaxForm(string[] strs, int maxZeroCount, int maxOneCount)
{
var dp = new int[maxZeroCount + 1, maxOneCount + 1];
foreach (var str in strs)
{
var (zeroCount, oneCount) = CountZeroOne(str);
for (var i = maxZeroCount; i >= zeroCount; i--)
{
for (var j = maxOneCount; j >= oneCount; j--)
{
dp[i, j] = Math.Max(dp[i, j], dp[i - zeroCount, j - oneCount] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[maxZeroCount, maxOneCount];
}
(int, int) CountZeroOne(string str)
{
var zeroCount = 0;
var oneCount = 0;
foreach (var bit in str)
{
if (bit == '0')
{
zeroCount++;
}
else
{
oneCount++;
}
}
return (zeroCount, oneCount);
}
}
```
## JavaScript
```javascript
var findMaxForm = function (strs, maxZeroCount, maxOneCount) {
const dp = Array(maxZeroCount + 1).fill().map(
() => Array(maxOneCount + 1).fill(0)
)
for (const str of strs) {
const [zeroCount, oneCount] = countZeroOne(str)
for (let i = dp.length - 1; i >= zeroCount; i--) {
for (let j = dp[0].length - 1; j >= oneCount; j--) {
dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i][j], dp[i - zeroCount][j - oneCount] + 1)
}
}
}
return dp.at(-1).at(-1)
};
function countZeroOne(str) {
let zeroCount = 0
let oneCount = 0
for (const bit of str) {
if (bit === '0') {
zeroCount++
} else {
oneCount++
}
}
return [zeroCount, oneCount]
}
```
## Go
```go
func findMaxForm(strs []string, maxZeroCount int, maxOneCount int) int {
dp := make([][]int, maxZeroCount + 1)
for i := range dp {
dp[i] = make([]int, maxOneCount + 1)
}
for _, str := range strs {
zeroCount, oneCount := countZeroOne(str)
for i := len(dp) - 1; i >= zeroCount; i-- {
for j := len(dp[0]) - 1; j >= oneCount; j-- {
dp[i][j] = max(dp[i][j], dp[i - zeroCount][j - oneCount] + 1)
}
}
}
return dp[maxZeroCount][maxOneCount]
}
func countZeroOne(str string) (int, int) {
zeroCount := 0
oneCount := 0
for _, bit := range str {
if bit == '0' {
zeroCount++
} else {
oneCount++
}
}
return zeroCount, oneCount
}
```
## Ruby
```ruby
def find_max_form(strs, max_zero_count, max_one_count)
dp = Array.new(max_zero_count + 1) do
Array.new(max_one_count + 1, 0)
end
strs.each do |string|
zero_count, one_count = count_zero_one(string)
(zero_count...dp.size).reverse_each do |i|
(one_count...dp[0].size).reverse_each do |j|
dp[i][j] = [ dp[i][j], dp[i - zero_count][j - one_count] + 1 ].max
end
end
end
dp[-1][-1]
end
def count_zero_one(string)
zero_count = 0
one_count = 0
string.each_char do |bit|
if bit == '0'
zero_count += 1
else
one_count += 1
end
end
[ zero_count, one_count ]
end
```
## Other languages
```java
// Welcome to create a PR to complete the code of this language, thanks!
```
亲爱的力扣人,为了您更好的刷题体验,请访问 [leetcoder.net](https://leetcoder.net/zh)。
本站敢称力扣题解最佳实践,终将省你大量刷题时间!
原文链接:[474. 一和零 - 力扣题解最佳实践](https://leetcoder.net/zh/leetcode/474-ones-and-zeroes).
GitHub 仓库: [f*ck-leetcode](https://github.com/fuck-leetcode/fuck-leetcode).