力扣链接:704. 二分查找,难度:简单。
给定一个 n
个元素有序的(升序)整型数组 nums
和一个目标值 target
,写一个函数搜索 nums
中的 target
,如果目标值存在返回下标,否则返回 -1
。
示例 1:
输入: nums = [-1,0,3,5,9,12], target = 9
输出: 4
解释: 9 出现在 `nums` 中并且下标为 4
示例 2:
输入: nums = [-1,0,3,5,9,12], target = 2
输出: -1
解释: 2 不存在 `nums` 中因此返回 -1
约束:
- 你可以假设
nums
中的所有元素是不重复的。 n
将在[1, 10000]
之间。nums
的每个元素都将在[-9999, 9999]
之间。
步骤
最快、最简单的方法是使用三个索引:left
、right
和 middle
。
如果 nums[middle] > target
,则 right = middle - 1
,否则 left = middle + 1
。
复杂度
时间复杂度
O(log N)
空间复杂度
O(1)
Java #
class Solution {
public int search(int[] nums, int target) {
var left = 0;
var right = nums.length - 1;
while (left <= right) {
var middle = (left + right) / 2;
if (nums[middle] == target) {
return middle;
}
if (nums[middle] > target) {
right = middle - 1;
} else {
left = middle + 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
}
Python #
class Solution:
def search(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
left = 0
right = len(nums) - 1
while left <= right:
middle = (left + right) // 2
if nums[middle] == target:
return middle
if nums[middle] > target:
right = middle - 1
else:
left = middle + 1
return -1
C++ #
class Solution {
public:
int search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
auto left = 0;
int right = nums.size() - 1; // Should not use 'auto' here because 'auto' will make this variable become `unsigned long` which has no `-1`.
while (left <= right) {
auto middle = (left + right) / 2;
if (nums[middle] == target) {
return middle;
}
if (nums[middle] > target) {
right = middle - 1;
} else {
left = middle + 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
};
JavaScript #
var search = function (nums, target) {
let left = 0
let right = nums.length - 1
while (left <= right) {
const middle = Math.floor((left + right) / 2)
if (nums[middle] == target) {
return middle
}
if (nums[middle] > target) {
right = middle - 1
} else {
left = middle + 1
}
}
return -1
};
C# #
public class Solution
{
public int Search(int[] nums, int target)
{
int left = 0;
int right = nums.Length - 1;
while (left <= right)
{
int middle = (left + right) / 2;
if (nums[middle] == target)
{
return middle;
}
if (nums[middle] > target)
{
right = middle - 1;
}
else
{
left = middle + 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
}
Go #
func search(nums []int, target int) int {
left := 0
right := len(nums) - 1
for left <= right {
middle := (left + right) / 2
if nums[middle] == target {
return middle
}
if nums[middle] > target {
right = middle - 1
} else {
left = middle + 1
}
}
return -1
}
Ruby #
def search(nums, target)
left = 0
right = nums.size - 1
while left <= right
middle = (left + right) / 2
return middle if nums[middle] == target
if nums[middle] > target
right = middle - 1
else
left = middle + 1
end
end
-1
end